Neck and Trunk Lab Key

Worksheets

1. See Lippert text, p. 260.
2. See Lippert text, pp. 260-268.
4. See Lippert text, pp.272-289.
1. Facet: A small, smooth plane surface on a bone
2. Facet joint: Articulation between the superior articular process of the vertebra below with the inferior articular process of the vertebra above.
3. Demifacet: A facet that articulates with only about half of the rib.
1. Atlanto-occipital: flexion, extension
2. Atlanto-axial: rotation
3. Intervertebral: flexion, extension, rotation, lateral bending
1. Cervical: flex/ext, lateral bending, rotation
2. Thoracic: lateral bending, rotation
3. Lumbar: flex/ext
4. Sacral: none
8. The orientation of the facet joints determines the type and amount of motion possible at each region.
1. Flexion: SCM, scalene
2. Hyperextension: splenius capitis, splenius cervicis , erector spinae, transversospinalisis, interspinales
3. Lateral bending: scalene, splenius capitis, splenius cervicis, erector spinae, intertransversari, Quadratus lumborum
4. Rotation: SCM, transversospinalis
5. Flexion: Rectus abdominus, external oblique, internal oblique
6. Hyperextension:
7. Lateral bending: external oblique, internal oblique
8. Rotation: external oblique, internal oblique
9. Compression: rectus abdominus, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis
10. Elevate ribs: external intercostals
11. Depress ribs: internal intercostals
12. Inspiration: diaphragm
13. Expiration: rectus abdominus, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, internal intercostals
10. Vertebral foramen
11. Intervertebral foramen
12. Superior vertebral notch of the vertebra below and the inferior vertebral notch of the vertebra above.
13. Transverse foramen
14. Body
15. Orientation of the facet joints
1. Thoracic
2. Transverse
3. Facets and demifacets
17. Up and out; down and in

Lab Activities

1. Abdominals: external and internal obliques, transverse abdominis and rectus abdominis
2. Erector spinae
3. Posterior pelvic tilt
4. Erector spinae, hip flexors
5. Abdominals: external and internal obliques, transverse abdominis, and rectus abdominis.
1. Lateral bending to the left
2. Initiated by the left side and one the COG has passed the midline control is by the right side erector spinae and quadratus lumborum.
1. Hip hiking
2. Quadratus lumborum
1. Head and neck flexion
2. Rectus abdominis
3. Sternum so the SCM insertion is stabilized and as the muscle contracts the origin can move the head.
1. Neck and trunk flexion
2. Rectus abdominis, SCM
1. Trunk flexion with rotation to the left
2. Left internal oblique and right external oblique
1. Hip flexion
2. Extension or lordosis (answers may vary)
3. Abdominals: rectus abdominis, external and internal obliques, and transverse abdominis
1. Strengthen abdominals
2. Not really. When the hip flexors shorten causing a lordosis, the abdominals may not be able to flex the trunk through its full ROM.
3. An abdominal curl allows the abdominals to flex through its full ROM
12. Should describe cest moves up and out during inspiration and down and in during inspiration. Some will notice more movement of upper chest, some of lower chest and some of abdominal area.
13. A: lumbrosacral joint/ R: Muscle (up) / F: gravity (down)
1. Lumbrosacral joint flexion (trunk)
2. With
3. No
4. Trunk extensor
5. Trunk flexors
6. Slow down gravity
7. Eccentric
8. Open
15. A: lumbrosacral joint / F: muscle (up) / R: gravity (down)
1. Lumbrosacral joint extension (trunk)
2. Against
3. No
4. Extensors
5. Flexors
6. Overcome gravity
7. Concentric
8. Open

Post-Lab Questions

1. Odontoid process
2. Vertebra prominens
3. Atlas
4. Axis
5. Vertebral arch
2. C1
3. Condyles of the occipital bone
4. Cervical: smallest; body oval; transverse process has foramen for the vertebral artery; short, stout, bifid spinous process; superior articular facets posteriorly and laterally. Thoracic: middle sized; dody heart shaped with facets for ribs; smallest vertevrla foramen; transverse process has facets for articulating with ribs; transverse process is long, slender points posteriorly and laterally; spinous process is long, slender and points inferiorly; superior articular process faces posteriorly. Lumbar: Largest; body is large oval; vertebral foramen middle in size; transverse process has no foramen or facets; spinous process is thick, broad and points posteriorly; superior articular process faces medially.
5. 12
1. True / 7 / 1^st to 7^th ribs / direct via costal cartilage
2. False / 3/ 8^th to 10^th ribs / via the 7^th costal cartilage
3. Floating / 2 / 11^th and 12^th ribs / no attachment to the sternum
7. Flexes and rotates to the right
1. Cervical / shortened: extensors, posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flavum, supraspinous ligament / lengthened: flexors, anterior longitudinal ligament
2. Thoracic / shortened: flexors, anterior longitudinal ligament / lengthened: extensors, posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flavum, supraspinous ligament
3. Lumbar / Shortened: extensors, posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flavum, suprospinous ligament / lengthened: flexors, anterior longitudinal ligament